It consists of the calendar xihuitl which is based on movimienros of the Earth around the sun, and the tonalpohualli that was a adivinatorio.

History

This calendar was invented by the Mexican people of the Olmec more than 35 centuries agoHe was subsequently inherited by the ancient cultures of Mexico also called Mesoamerica.

The year 1479 was built on schedule del Sol which is the Aztec calendar of the oldest pre-Hispanic culture to be preserved. It comprises four concentric circles and the central part is a representation of the god of the sun.

With the arrival of the Spaniards to Tenochitlan was buriedIt was recovered in 1790 and is currently exhibited at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico.

Xihuitl

It is a solar calendar consists of 18 months of 20 days each. At the end of these months take place five days useless called nemonteni where there is fasting and abstinence.

The week was composed of five days and the year of 365 days. Each month linked with a different activity and was dedicated to a different god.

To solve the mismatch of time the Aztecs established leap years which consisted of the addition to the schedule of one day's duration double.

The Aztecs this calendar divided into 5 periods of 73 days to match the seasons, which received the names of:

·  Cocij cogaa: while water and wind. Their representation was a crocodile.

·  Col Cocij lapa: harvest time. Venía represented by corn.

·  Pye Cocij chij: time for the holidays whose representation was an eagle or a warrior.

·  Pye Cocij corgaa: start of the calendar. It was the time of drought.

·  Cocij yoocho: Time of diseases represented by a tiger.

Name the months of Xihuitl

The names of the months of the Aztec solar calendar, corresponding with Westerners and the gods to representing each month based Fray Bernardino de Sahagún are:

Tonalpohualli

It was a schedule that was recorded in the book or Tonalamat day. With him the priest Tonalpouque predicted the future and adivinaba the zodiac.

The years of this calendar had 260 days consisting of 13 months of 20 days each. Each month is assigned a number from 1 to 13 and each day a different symbol.

Months of Tonalpohualli