A cell is the minimum requirement for the existence of life. El The simplest living organism must have at least one cell. The living organisms are classified into unicellular (single cell) and pluricelulares (more than one cell).

It is the foundation for the study of biology, a science that deals with living things. The cells contain within them the genetic information to be transmitted around to other living things.

Types of cells

All cells have common features and functions, but also including establishing differences depending on their structural complication:

·  Prokaryotic cells now have a simpler cell structure and have no nucleus.

·  Eukaryotic Cells: They have a cellular structure more complex and have a definite nucleus that stores genetic information.

Also important are the differences between animal and plant cells. So although both are eukaryotic cell types present different components.

Another distinction between cell types is one that distinguishes stem cells as capable of giving rise to different types of cells from a living.

Cell Theory

In the seventeenth century, there is evidence that for the first time were observed by Robert Hooke units making up the subject of cork cells. In the same century were discovered living only visible to the microscope like bacteria.

In the nineteenth century was born Theory Cellular, based in biology. They were Theodor Schwann Schleiden and Jacob noted that the similarities in the cells of plants and animals.

So throughout this century and finally with studies Pasteur formulated a theory whose principles are as follows:

·  The cell is the basic unit and smallest of all living being.

·  All living organisms are made up of cells, one or more.

·  Every living being formed from cells or substances removed by them.

·  The cells contain at its core genetic information to be transmitted from one unit to another.

·  The physiological functions that living things need to perform to survive occur in the cells.

Mitosis

It is the process of cell division more common in eukaryotic cells. It consists in that after a cell is obtained two with the same DNA that the parent. This process is performed in a series of phases:

·  Profase.

·  Metafase.

·  Anafase.

·  Telofase.

To develop this process are formed chromosomes, disappears the nuclear membrane of the mother cell. The chromosomes are separated and eventually form two cells complete with identical genetic information.